What process involves creating new relations from existing relations based on functional dependencies?

The process of creating new relations from existing relations based on functional dependencies is known as decomposition. Decomposition is a crucial step in the normalization process, where a complex relation is broken down into two or more simpler relations to eliminate redundancy and ensure data integrity. This is guided by functional dependencies, which describe how attributes relate to one another within a relation.

When decomposing a relation, the goal is to achieve a design that adheres to specific normal forms, such as First Normal Form (1NF), Second Normal Form (2NF), and Third Normal Form (3NF). Each of these normal forms has its criteria that focus on minimizing redundancy and maintaining consistency in the database. By utilizing functional dependencies to guide the decomposition, a well-structured database schema can be produced, enhancing both the performance and maintainability of the database.

In contrast, the other options describe different processes related to database design but do not specifically serve the purpose of creating new relations from functional dependencies. Normalization is the broader practice that includes decomposition, integration typically refers to combining data from different sources into a single database, and relational mapping involves translating non-relational data into a relational model.