What term refers to the special properties or constraints a relation must have to achieve certain goals like minimizing data redundancy?

The term that pertains to the special properties or constraints a relation must have to achieve specific goals such as minimizing data redundancy is normalization. Normalization is a systematic approach to organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity. It involves dividing large tables into smaller ones and defining relationships among them to ensure that dependencies are properly enforced.

While "normal form" is closely related to normalization, it specifically refers to the various levels of structure that a relation can be organized into during the normalization process. Each normal form represents a set of conditions that must be satisfied to ensure minimal redundancy and dependency, but it does not stand alone as the overall concept of organizing a relational database.

Other terms like insertion anomaly and functional dependency pertain to different aspects of database management. Insertion anomalies refer to problems that can occur when new data is added to a database, while functional dependency expresses the relationship between attributes within a relation but does not encompass the broader objective of minimizing data redundancy.